module xbuffer.buffer;

import std.bitmanip : swapEndian;
import std.string : toUpper;
import std.system : Endian, endian;
import std.traits : isArray, isBoolean, isIntegral, isFloatingPoint, isSomeChar, Unqual;

import xbuffer.memory : xmalloc, xrealloc, xfree;
import xbuffer.varint : isVar, Var;

//TODO remove
import std.stdio : writeln;

alias ForeachType(T) = typeof(T.init[0]);

enum canSwapEndianness(T) = isBoolean!T || isIntegral!T || isFloatingPoint!T || isSomeChar!T || (is(T == struct) && canSwapEndiannessImpl!T);

private bool canSwapEndiannessImpl(T)() {
	static if(is(T == struct)) {
		import std.traits : Fields;
		bool ret = true;
		foreach(field ; Fields!T) {
			if(!canSwapEndianness!field) ret = false;
		}
		return ret;
	} else {
		return false;
	}
}

unittest {
	
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!byte);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!int);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!double);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!char);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!dchar);
	
}

unittest {
	
	static struct A {}
	
	static struct B { int a, b; }
	
	static class C {}
	
	static struct D { int a; B b; }
	
	static struct E { B b; C c; }
	
	static struct F { void a(){} float b; }
	
	static struct G { @property Object a(){ return null; } }
	
	static struct H { ubyte[] a; }
	
	static struct I { int* a; }
	
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!A);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!B);
	static assert(!canSwapEndianness!C);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!D);
	static assert(!canSwapEndianness!E);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!F);
	static assert(canSwapEndianness!G);
	static assert(!canSwapEndianness!H);
	static assert(!canSwapEndianness!I);
	
}

private union EndianSwapper(T) if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
	
	enum builtInSwap = T.sizeof == 2 || T.sizeof == 4 || T.sizeof == 8;
	
	T value;
	void[T.sizeof] data;
	ubyte[T.sizeof] bytes;

	this(T value) {
		this.value = value;
	}

	this(void[] data) {
		this.data = data;
	}
	
	static if(T.sizeof == 2) ushort _swap;
	else static if(T.sizeof == 4) uint _swap;
	else static if(T.sizeof == 8) ulong _swap;
	
	void swap() {
		static if(builtInSwap) _swap = swapEndian(_swap);
		else static if(T.sizeof > 1) {
			import std.algorithm.mutation : swap;
			foreach(i ; 0..T.sizeof>>1) {
				swap(bytes[i], bytes[T.sizeof-i-1]);
			}
		}
	}
	
}

unittest {
	
	static struct Test {
		
		int a, b, c;
		
	}
	
	static assert(Test.sizeof == 12);
	
	EndianSwapper!Test swapper;
	swapper.value = Test(1, 2, 3);
	
	version(BigEndian) assert(swapper.bytes == [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3]);
	version(LittleEndian) assert(swapper.bytes == [1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0]);
	
	swapper.swap();
	
	version(BigEndian) assert(swapper.bytes == [3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]);
	version(LittleEndian) assert(swapper.bytes == [0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 1]);
	
	assert(swapper.value == Test(3 << 24, 2 << 24, 1 << 24));
	
}

/**
 * Exception thrown when the buffer cannot read the requested
 * data.
 */
class BufferOverflowException : Exception {
	
	this(string file=__FILE__, size_t line=__LINE__) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		super("The buffer's index has exceeded its length", file, line);
	}
	
}

static if(__traits(compiles, () @nogc { throw new Exception(""); })) version = DIP1008;

/**
 * Buffer for writing and reading binary data.
 */
class Buffer {
	
	private immutable size_t chunk;
	
	private void[] _data;
	private size_t _rindex, _windex;
	
	/**
	 * Creates a buffer specifying the chunk size.
	 * This should be the default constructor for re-used buffers and
	 * input buffers.
	 */
	this(size_t chunk) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
		this.chunk = chunk == 0 ? 1 : chunk;
		//_data = malloc(this.chunk);
		_data = xrealloc(_data.ptr, this.chunk);
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(8);
		
		// 8 bytes allocated by the constructor
		assert(buffer.capacity == 8);
		
		// writing 4 bytes does not alter the capacity
		buffer.write(0);
		assert(buffer.capacity == 8);
		
		// writing 8 bytes requires a new allocation (because 4 + 8 is
		// higher than the current capacity of 8).
		// The new capacity is rounded up to the nearest multiple of the chunk size.
		buffer.write(0L);
		assert(buffer.capacity == 16);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Creates a buffer from an array of data.
	 * The chunk size is set to the size of the array.
	 */
	this(T)(in T[] data...) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc if(canSwapEndianness!T || is(T == void)) {
		this(data.length * T.sizeof);
		_windex = _data.length;
		_data[0..$] = cast(void[])data;
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @safe unittest {

		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(cast(ubyte[])[1, 2, 3, 4]);
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
		assert(buffer.windex == 4);

		buffer = new Buffer([1, 2]);
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
		assert(buffer.windex == 8);
		
	}
	
	private void resize(size_t requiredSize) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
		immutable rem = requiredSize / chunk;
		immutable size = (requiredSize + chunk - 1) / chunk * chunk;
		_data = xrealloc(_data.ptr, size);
	}

	@property size_t rindex() pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		return _rindex;
	}

	@property size_t windex() pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		return _windex;
	}
	
	@property T[] data(T=void)() pure nothrow @trusted @nogc if((canSwapEndianness!T || is(T == void)) && T.sizeof == 1) {
		return cast(T[])_data[_rindex.._windex];
	}

	@property T[] data(T)() pure nothrow @nogc if(canSwapEndianness!T && T.sizeof != 1) {
		return cast(T[])_data[_rindex.._windex];
	}
	
	/**
	 * Sets new data and resets the index.
	 */
	@property auto data(T)(in T[] data) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
		_rindex = 0;
		_windex = data.length * T.sizeof;
		if(_windex > _data.length) this.resize(_windex);
		_data[0.._windex] = cast(void[])data;
		return data;
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @trusted unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(2);

		buffer.data = cast(ubyte[])[0, 0, 0, 1];
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0); // resetted when setting new data
		assert(buffer.windex == 4);
		version(BigEndian) assert(buffer.data!uint == [1]);
		version(LittleEndian) assert(buffer.data!uint == [1 << 24]);

		buffer.data = "hello";
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
		assert(buffer.windex == 5);
		assert(buffer.data == "hello");
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Resets the buffer setting the index and its length to 0.
	 */
	void reset() pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		_rindex = 0;
		_windex = 0;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Gets the size of the data allocated by the buffer.
	 */
	@property size_t capacity() pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		return _data.length;
	}

	void back(size_t amount) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		assert(amount <= _rindex);
		_rindex -= amount;
	}

	// ----------
	// operations
	// ----------

	/**
	 * Check whether the data of the buffer is equals to
	 * the given array.
	 */
	bool opEquals(T)(in T[] data) pure nothrow @safe @nogc if(T.sizeof == 1) {
		return this.data!T == data;
	}

	/// ditto
	bool opEquals(T)(in T[] data) pure nothrow @nogc if(T.sizeof != 1) {
		return this.data!T == data;
	}

	///
	pure nothrow @trusted unittest {

		Buffer buffer = new Buffer([1, 2, 3]);

		assert(buffer == [1, 2, 3]);
		version(BigEndian) assert(buffer == cast(ubyte[])[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3]);
		version(LittleEndian) assert(buffer == cast(ubyte[])[1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0]);

	}
	
	// -----
	// write
	// -----
	
	private void need(size_t size) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		size += _windex;
		if(size > this.capacity) this.resize(size);
	}
	
	private void writeDataImpl(in void[] data) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc {
		immutable start = _windex;
		_windex += data.length;
		_data[start.._windex] = data;
	}
	
	/**
	 * Writes data to the buffer and expands if it is not big enough.
	 */
	void writeData(in void[] data) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		this.need(data.length);
		this.writeDataImpl(data);
	}
	
	/**
	 * Writes data to buffer using the given endianness.
	 */
	void write(Endian endianness, T)(T value) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		EndianSwapper!T swapper = EndianSwapper!T(value);
		static if(endianness != endian && T.sizeof > 1) swapper.swap();
		this.writeData(swapper.data);
	}
	
	///
	unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(4);
		buffer.write!(Endian.bigEndian)(4);
		buffer.write!(Endian.littleEndian)(4);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 0, 0, 0]);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Writes data to the buffer using the system's endianness.
	 */
	void write(T)(T value) pure nothrow @safe @nogc if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		this.write!(endian, T)(value);
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(5);
		buffer.write(ubyte(5));
		buffer.write(10);
		version(BigEndian) assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [5, 0, 0, 0, 10]);
		version(LittleEndian) assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [5, 10, 0, 0, 0]);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Writes an array using the given endianness.
	 */
	void write(Endian endianness, T)(in T value) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc if(isArray!T && (is(ForeachType!T : void) || canSwapEndianness!(ForeachType!T))) {
		static if(endianness == endian || T.sizeof <= 1) {
			this.writeData(value);
		} else {
			this.need(value.length * ForeachType!T.sizeof);
			foreach(element ; value) {
				auto swapper = EndianSwapper!(ForeachType!T)(element);
				swapper.swap();
				this.writeDataImpl(swapper.data);
			}
		}
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(8);
		buffer.write!(Endian.bigEndian)([1, 2, 3]);
		assert(buffer.capacity == 16);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3]);
		
		buffer.reset();
		buffer.write!(Endian.littleEndian)(cast(short[])[-2, 2]);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [254, 255, 2, 0]);

		buffer.reset();
		buffer.write!(Endian.bigEndian, wstring)("test"w);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [0, 't', 0, 'e', 0, 's', 0, 't']);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Writes an array using the system's endianness.
	 */
	void write(T)(in T value) pure nothrow @safe @nogc if(isArray!T && (is(ForeachType!T : void) || canSwapEndianness!(ForeachType!T))) {
		this.write!(endian, T)(value);
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(8);
		buffer.write(cast(ubyte[])[1, 2, 3, 4]);
		buffer.write("test");
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [1, 2, 3, 4, 't', 'e', 's', 't']);
		buffer.write([1, 2]);
		version(BigEndian) assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [1, 2, 3, 4, 't', 'e', 's', 't', 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2]);
		version(LittleEndian) assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [1, 2, 3, 4, 't', 'e', 's', 't', 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0]);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Writes a varint.
	 */
	void writeVar(T)(T value) pure nothrow @safe @nogc if(isIntegral!T && T.sizeof > 1) {
		Var!T.encode(this, value);
	}

	/// ditto
	void write(T:Var!B, B)(B value) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		this.writeVar!(T.Base)(value);
	}
	
	///
	pure nothrow @safe unittest {
		
		import xbuffer.varint;
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(8);
		buffer.writeVar(1);
		buffer.write!varuint(1);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [2, 1]);
		
	}

	/**
	 * Writes data at the given index.
	 */
	void write(alias E=endian, T)(in T value, size_t index) pure nothrow @trusted @nogc if(is(typeof(E) : Endian) && (canSwapEndianness!T || is(T == void) || isArray!T && (canSwapEndianness!(ForeachType!T) || is(ForeachType!T == void))) || is(E == struct) && isVar!E) {
		void[] shift = xmalloc(this.data.length - index);
		shift[0..$] = this.data[index..$];
		_windex = _rindex + index;
		this.write!E(value);
		this.writeData(shift);
		xfree(shift.ptr);
	}

	/// ditto
	pure @trusted unittest {

		import xbuffer.varint;

		Buffer buffer = new Buffer([1, 2, 3]);
		buffer.write(0, 0);
		assert(buffer.data!int == [0, 1, 2, 3]);

		buffer.data = cast(ubyte[])[0, 1, 2, 5];
		buffer.write(cast(ubyte[])[3, 4], 3);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

		buffer.data = cast(ubyte[])[1, 1, 2];
		buffer.read!ubyte();
		buffer.write!varuint(118485, 1);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [1, 213, 157, 7, 2]);

		buffer.data = "hellld";
		buffer.write('o', 4);
		buffer.write(" wor", 5);
		assert(buffer.data == "hello world");

	}
	
	// ----
	// read
	// ----
	
	/**
	 * Indicates whether an array of length `size` or the given type
	 * can be read without any exceptions thrown.
	 */
	bool canRead(size_t size) pure nothrow @safe @nogc {
		return _rindex + size <= _windex;
	}
	
	/// ditto
	bool canRead(T)() pure nothrow @safe @nogc if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		return this.canRead(T.sizeof);
	}
	
	///
	unittest {
		
		import xbuffer.varint;
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(cast(ubyte[])[128, 200, 3]);
		assert(buffer.canRead(2));
		assert(buffer.canRead(3));
		assert(!buffer.canRead(4));
		assert(buffer.canRead!byte());
		assert(buffer.canRead!short());
		assert(!buffer.canRead!int());
		
	}

	/**
	 * Reads the amount of data requested.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	void[] readData(size_t size) pure @safe {
		if(!this.canRead(size)) throw new BufferOverflowException();
		_rindex += size;
		return _data[_rindex-size.._rindex];
	}

	///
	pure @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer([1]);
		assert(buffer.read!int() == 1);
		try {
			buffer.read!int(); assert(0);
		} catch(BufferOverflowException ex) {
			assert(ex.file == __FILE__);
		}
		
	}

	/**
	 * Reads a value with the given endianness.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T read(Endian endianness, T)() pure @trusted if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		EndianSwapper!T swapper = EndianSwapper!T(this.readData(T.sizeof));
		static if(endianness != endian) swapper.swap();
		return swapper.value;
	}
	
	///
	pure @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(cast(ubyte[])[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0]);
		assert(buffer.read!(Endian.bigEndian, int)() == 1);
		assert(buffer.read!(Endian.littleEndian, short)() == 1);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Reads a value using the system's endianness.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T read(T)() pure @safe if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		return this.read!(endian, T)();
	}
	
	///
	pure @safe unittest {
		
		version(BigEndian) Buffer buffer = new Buffer([0, 0, 0, 1]);
		version(LittleEndian) Buffer buffer = new Buffer([1, 0, 0, 0]);
		assert(buffer.read!int() == 1);
		
	}

	/**
	 * Reads an array using the given endianness.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T read(Endian endianness, T)(size_t length) pure @trusted if(isArray!T && (is(ForeachType!T : void) || canSwapEndianness!(ForeachType!T))) {
		T ret = cast(T)this.readData(length * ForeachType!T.sizeof);
		static if(endianness != endian && T.sizeof != 1) {
			foreach(ref element ; ret) {
				EndianSwapper!(ForeachType!T) swapper = EndianSwapper!(ForeachType!T)(element);
				swapper.swap();
				element = swapper.value;
			}
		}
		return ret;
	}

	///
	pure @safe unittest {

		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(16);

		buffer.write!(Endian.bigEndian)(16);
		buffer.write!(Endian.bigEndian)(32);
		buffer.write!(Endian.littleEndian)(32);
		buffer.write!(Endian.littleEndian)(16);
		assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 0, 0, 32, 32, 0, 0, 0, 16, 0, 0, 0]);

		assert(buffer.read!(Endian.bigEndian, int[])(2) == [16, 32]);
		assert(buffer.read!(Endian.littleEndian, int[])(2) == [32, 16]);

	}

	/**
	 * Reads an array using the system's endianness.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T read(T)(size_t size) pure @trusted if(isArray!T && (is(ForeachType!T : void) || canSwapEndianness!(ForeachType!T))) {
		return this.read!(endian, T)(size);
	}
	
	///
	pure @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer("!hello");
		assert(buffer.read!(ubyte[])(1) == [33]);
		assert(buffer.read!string(5) == "hello");

		buffer.data = [1, 2, 3];
		version(BigEndian) assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3]);
		version(LittleEndian) assert(buffer.data!ubyte == [1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 0, 0]);
		assert(buffer.read!(int[])(3) == [1, 2, 3]);

	}
	
	/**
	 * Reads a varint.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T readVar(T)() pure @safe if(isIntegral!T && T.sizeof > 1) {
		return Var!T.decode!true(this);
	}
	
	/// ditto
	B read(T:Var!B, B)() pure @safe {
		return this.readVar!B();
	}
	
	///
	pure @safe unittest {
		
		import xbuffer.varint;
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(cast(ubyte[])[2, 1]);
		assert(buffer.readVar!int() == 1);
		assert(buffer.read!varuint() == 1);
		
	}
	
	// ----
	// peek
	// ----
	
	/**
	 * Peeks some data (read it but without changing the buffer's index).
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	void[] peekData(size_t size) pure {
		if(!this.canRead(size)) throw new BufferOverflowException();
		return _data[_rindex.._rindex+size];
	}
	
	unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer([1]);
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
		buffer.peekData(4);
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Peeks a value using the given endianness.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T peek(Endian endianness, T)() pure @trusted if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		EndianSwapper!T swapper = EndianSwapper!T(this.peekData(T.sizeof));
		static if(endianness != endian) swapper.swap();
		return swapper.value;
	}

	///
	pure @safe unittest {

		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(cast(ubyte[])[0, 0, 0, 1]);
		assert(buffer.peek!(Endian.bigEndian, int)() == 1);
		assert(buffer.peek!(Endian.littleEndian, int)() == 1 << 24);
		assert(buffer.peek!(Endian.bigEndian, short)() == 0);

	}

	/**
	 * Peeks some data using the system's endianness.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T peek(T)() pure @safe if(canSwapEndianness!T) {
		return this.peek!(endian, T)();
	}
	
	///
	pure @safe unittest {
		
		Buffer buffer = new Buffer([1, 2]);
		assert(buffer.peek!int() == 1);
		assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
		assert(buffer.peek!int() == buffer.read!int());
		assert(buffer.rindex == 4);
		assert(buffer.peek!int() == 2);
		
	}

	/**
	 * Peeks a varint.
	 * Throws: BufferOverflowException if there isn't enough data to read.
	 */
	T peekVar(T)() pure @safe if(isIntegral!T && T.sizeof > 1) {
		return Var!T.decode!false(this);
	}

	/// ditto
	B peek(T:Var!B, B)() pure @safe {
		return this.peekVar!B();
	}

	///
	pure @safe unittest {

		import xbuffer.varint;

		Buffer buffer = new Buffer(cast(ubyte[])[2]);
		assert(buffer.peekVar!int() == 1);
		assert(buffer.peek!varuint() == 2);

	}

	// -----------
	// destruction
	// -----------
	
	void free() pure nothrow @nogc {
		xfree(_data.ptr);
	}
	
	void __xdtor() pure nothrow @nogc {
		this.free();
	}
	
	~this() {
		this.free();
	}
	
}

///
unittest {
	
	import xbuffer.memory : xalloc;
	
	// a buffer can be garbage collected
	Buffer gc = new Buffer(16);
	
	// or manually allocated
	// alloc is a function provided by the xbuffer.memory module
	Buffer b = xalloc!Buffer(16);
	
	// the memory is realsed with free, which is called by the garbage
	// collector or by the `free` function in the `xbuffer.memory` module
	xfree(b);
	
}

unittest {
	
	import xbuffer.memory : xalloc;
	
	void[] data = xmalloc(923);
	
	auto buffer = xalloc!Buffer(1024);
	assert(buffer.windex == 0);

	buffer.writeData(data);
	assert(buffer.rindex == 0);
	assert(buffer.windex == 923);
	assert(buffer.capacity == 1024);
	
	buffer.writeData(data);
	assert(buffer.windex == 1846);
	assert(buffer.capacity == 2048);
	
	data = xrealloc(data.ptr, 1);
	
	buffer.data = data;
	assert(buffer.windex == 1);
	assert(buffer.capacity == 2048);
	
	data = xrealloc(data.ptr, 2049);
	
	buffer.data = data;
	assert(buffer.windex == 2049);
	assert(buffer.capacity == 3072);
	
	xfree(data.ptr);
	xfree(buffer);
	
}